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Neuroendocrine neoplasms are derived from the epithelial lineages mainly of respiratory tract, with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. There are only a handful of documented cases of paranasal small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNEC) with primary orbital involvement. Here, the authors describe a 33-year-old male patient with rapidly progressive swelling of the right lower lid with proptosis since 4 weeks. On contrast-MRI orbit, an ill-defined multilobulated mass measuring 3.6 × 3.1 cm with intense homogenous enhancement was seen in the right retrobulbar space involving the right ethmoid sinus. On incisional biopsy, a poorly differentiated mass containing numerous small round blue cells and scanty intervening stroma with prominent necrosis and apoptosis was seen. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for synaptophysin. He was diagnosed as a case of SNEC and received chemotherapy, with good response till date of 9 months of follow up. The authors present a literature review and describe challenges in management of a primary orbital SNEC.
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Objective@#To determine the prevalence of sinonasal anatomic variations seen on paranasal sinus (PNS) CT scans of a sample of Filipino adults with chronic rhinosinusitis.@*Methods@#Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: The PNS CT scans of 51 Filipino patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis diagnosed at our outpatien Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery between October 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed for the presence of sinonasal anatomic variants. The prevalence of the identified variants was calculated.@*Results@#The CT scans of 51 patients, 41 (80.4%) men and 10 (19.6%) women, were included. The median age was 48 years (Q25: 35, Q75: 56, IQR:21). The median Lund Mackay Score (LMS) was 15 (Q25: 12, Q75: 20, IQR:8). Majority (94%) had an LMS of ≥5. The most common anatomic variant in the study population was agger nasi (n=46/51, 90.2% present bilaterally) followed by uncinate process attachment to the lamina papyracea (n=90/102, 88.24%). The third to sixth most common findings were Keros type II classification (n=76/102, 74.51%), nasal septal deviation (n=35/51, 68.62%), optic nerve canal type 1 (n=67/102, 65.69%) and anterior ethmoid artery grade 1 (n=46/102, 45.1%), respectively. Less common variants were Onodi cell (n=13/51, 25.49% unilateral and n=10/51, 19.61% bilateral), Haller cell (n=8/51, 15.69% unilateral and n=1/51, 1.96% bilateral), supraorbital cell (n=4/51, 7.84% unilateral and n=4/51, 7.84% bilateral), middle turbinate concha bullosa (n=3/51, 5.88% unilateral and n=6/51, 11.76% bilateral), superior turbinate concha bullosa (n=2/51, 3.92% unilateral and n=1/51, 1.96% bilateral), pneumatized crista galli (n=2/51, 3.92%) and optic nerve dehiscence (n=1/51, 1.96% bilateral). @*Conclusion@#In the adult Filipino population with CRS sampled in this study, the six most common sinonasal anatomic variants were agger nasi, superior attachment of the uncinate process to the lamina papyracea, Keros type II classification, septal deviation, optic nerve canal type 1 and anterior ethmoid artery grade 1. Pre-operatively, the PNS CT scan of every patient must be meticulously evaluated for the sinonasal anatomic variants to avoid surgical complications.
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Objective:To investigate the prognosis and influencing factors of different treatment strategies in T 3-T 4 nasal sinus adenocarcinoma. Methods:The data of 93 cases of T 3-T 4 stage nasal sinus adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 2006 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into combined operation group and non-operation group. The survival status and failure mode after corresponding treatment were analyzed. The enumeration data were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was conducted by log-rank test. Multivariate prognostic analysis was performed by Cox model. Results:The average follow-up time in the whole cohort was 81.3 months (18-156 months). By the end of follow-up, a total of 38.7% (36/93) of patients had local recurrence, 14.0% (13/93) had distant metastasis, 17.2% (16/93) had local recurrence complicated with distant metastasis, and 28.0% (26/93) were stable. The overall 2-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) rates were 83.5%, 59.3%, 31.8% and 73.6%, 40.7% and 25.3%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the PFS and OS of patients aged 46-64 years old (all P<0.001), male ( P=0.022, P=0.001), patients with lesions located in the maxillary sinus ( P=0.001, P<0.001), adenoid cystic carcinoma ( P=0.001, P<0.001), non-invasion of orbital / clivus ( P=0.041, P<0.001), GTV P dose>64 Gy ( P=0.003, P=0.006) and N 1 stage ( P=0.014, P=0.014) were statistically different among different treatment modes. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years old ( P=0.012, P=0.005), orbital / clival invasion ( P<0.001, P=0.005), and GTV p dose ≤64 Gy ( P<0.001, P=0.011) were the independent adverse prognostic factors affecting PFS and OS in T 3-T 4 stage nasal sinus adenocarcinoma. Conclusions:The local failure rate of T 3-T 4 stage nasal sinus adenocarcinoma is high after treatment. Age, orbital / clival invasion, and GTV p dosage are the independent adverse prognostic factors. Surgery based intervention is superior to other treatment strategies.
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Objective:To assess the clinical and imaging features of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma.Methods:Form January 2016 to November 2021, the clinical data and pretreatment imaging findings of 16 cases with pathologically proven SMARCB1-de?cient sinonasal carcinomas were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. Immunohistochemistry for SMARCB1 showed loss of the protein in the tumor nuclie. Clinical and imaging features, including tumor location, TNM stage, size, density of CT, bone change, MRI signal intensity, enhancement pattern, type of time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were evaluated. For 14 cases, correlation of the ADC value and Ki-67 index was subsequently evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis.Results:For the 16 cases SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas, clinical stage of T4 was 12 cases and T3 was 4 cases. The location included ethmoid sinus ( n=4), nasal cavity only ( n=1), both nasal cavity and ethmoid ( n=8), ethmoid and maxillary sinus ( n=1), ethmoid and frontal sinus ( n=1), ethmoid and sphenoid sinus ( n=1). The tumor size was (4.5±1.2) cm. Iso-attenuated of CT images was showed in 13 cases and heterogeneous with necrosis was showed in 3 cases. Focal bone erosion was found in 13 cases and extensive bone destruction was found in 3 cases. Compared with adjacent muscles, T 1WI of all 16 cases showed isointense, with focal hypointense in 3 cases. On T 2WI, the tumor was graded as isointense in 9 cases, hyperintense in 7 cases, with lower inner septal in 6 cases. Enhancement was graded as mild in 11 cases, moderate in 5 cases.MRI Enhancement images showed mild enhancement in 11 cases, moderate enhancement in 5 cases, heterogeneous enhancement in 6 cases, and homogeneous enhancement in 10 cases. For DCE-MRI of 14 cases, there were 10 cases of Ⅲ type and 4 cases of Ⅱ type of the TIC. The ADC value of 14 cases was (1.02±0.27)×10 -3 mm 2/s. The Ki-67 index was 48%±21%. No correlation was observed between Ki-67 index and ADC value ( r=-0.38, P=0.183). Conclusions:SMARCB1-deficient carcinomas are mostly centered in the nasal and ethmoid region of anatomic distribution. Tendency to be infiltrative the adjacent bone structure with invasive bone reaction, mild to moderate heterogeneous enhancement, T 2WI with lower inner septal, and Ⅲ types of TIC are certain suggestive imaging features of the entity.
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Abstract Objective: To compare the efficacy of endoscopic and open resection of sinonasal malignancies. Methods: The search was performed using PubMed (1950-2020), Embase (1974-2020), the Cochrane library, and the website clinicaltrials.gov. The hazard ratio, HR, 95% confidence interval, CI, of the rates of overall survival and disease-free survival and the demographic characteristics of the included studies were extracted and analyzed. Pooled analysis was conducted with the studies' individual patient data, using log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier survival, and Cox regression analysis. Results: Of 1939 articles retrieved, 23 articles were included. Overall, 1373 cases were incorporated into the final analysis, 653 (47.56%) of which underwent the surgery through an endoscopic approach, whereas 720 (52.44%) cases utilized the open approach. The overall survival was comparable between endoscopic and open resection (HR = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.65-1.07], p = 0.16; random effects analysis). Pooled analysis with Cox regression revealed significant differences in overall survival (HR = 0.568 [95%CI:0.380-0.849], p = 0.006) and disease-free survival (HR = 0.628 [95%CI:0.424-0.929], p = 0.02) between endoscopic and open approaches. Conclusion: The aggregated evidence suggests the survival outcome of endoscopic resection is comparable or greater than that of open resection of sinonasal malignancies.
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Abstract Introduction The sinus fungus ball is an agglomeration of debris and hyphae, mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, within the paranasal sinus, commonly affecting a single sinus, and it only rarely affects the frontal sinus. Objective To identify the state of the art of fungus ball in paranasal sinuses, especially related to the epidemiology of the disease in the frontal sinus. Additionally, this article reports a rare case of fungus ball in the frontal sinus in an adult male, and discusses the variables of this condition related to the patient. Data Synthesis All of the 8 cases of fungus ball in the frontal sinus reported in this study affected male patients: 40% had unilateral disease, and 60%, bilateral disease, contrary to the incidence data of fungus ball in the other paranasal sinuses, which reports unilateral prevalence. However, in the present study, this index changes, with 50% of unilateral and 50% of bilateral incidence regarding frontal sinus involvement. The average age of the patients was 65.36 years (range: 60-74 years). The etiologic agent was Aspergillus spp., and the endonasal endoscopic therapeutic approach corresponded to 80% of cases, while frontal osteoplasty accounted for 20% of cases, reaffirming the prevalence data from other studies. Conclusion Despite being a low-incidence entity, frontal sinus fungus ball should be considered in patients with pain in the frontal region refractory to the usual clinical treatments.
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Background: Craniofacial resection (CFR) has been regarded as the gold standard for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity (PNSNC) neoplasms. The improvement of surgical procedures has been ongoing in recent years. We analyzed the clinical curative effects of the function-preservation therapy that was mainly using nasal endoscopic surgery along with appropriate radiotherapy and chemotherapy as applicable. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of factors that influence the survival time of the 28 patients with PNSNC neoplasms who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery. All patients with tumor lesions underwent a complete resection in en bloc or piecemeal resection. Five cases did not undergo radiotherapy or chemotherapy; the remaining 23 patients had multimodality therapy. Results: The median follow-up time was 41.5 (range = 14–97) months. The overall 3-year survival rate was 78.57% for T3 cancer and 50% for those with T4. T classification (P = 0.031) and multimodality therapy (P = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for postoperative 3-year survival rate of patients with PNSNC neoplasms. Conclusion: Function-preservation therapy based on the minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) with appropriate adjuvant therapy not only prolonged the overall survival time but also provided an opportunity to preserve organ function at the same time, which helped to improve the patients’ quality of life
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Sinonasal cancers (SNCs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases. Most patients present with locally advanced stage due to the insidious symptoms. In the majority of cases, the treatment strategy relies on the combination of surgery and radiotherapy, supplemented with or without chemotherapy. However, postoperative organ preserving rate is low, quality of life and clinical prognosis are poor. With recent advancement of surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy techniques, certain progress has been reached in the diagnosis and treatment of SNCs. Nevertheless, the specific treatment regimen remains controversial. In this article, advances and controversies in SNC were reviewed.
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Objective:To assess the clinical and imaging features of NUT gene-related sinonasal carcinomas (NUT midline carcinome).Methods:The clinical data and pretreatment imaging findings of 5 cases with pathologically proven NUT sinonasal carcinomas were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2020. Of 5 cases, the tumors affected 4 females and 1 male with an age range of 15 to 48 years (median 19 years). Clinical data of all cases were available before surgery with both CT and MR examination. Tumor location, CT density, boney change, calcification, tumor size, T 1WI, T 2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signal intensity, appearance diffusion coefficient (ADC), type of time intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI were evaluated. Results:All five cases belonged to T4 stage of the clinic TNM system. The locations were nasal cavity ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary sinus ( n=1), nasal and maxillary sinus ( n=1), nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus ( n=3). Iso-attenuated in 3 cases, heterogeneous with local necrosis in 2 cases, and heterogeneous with calcification in 3 cases on CT imaging. Bone erosion was found in 4 cases, and bone erosion with destruction in 1 case. The tumor sizes ranged from 4.2 to 4.9 cm (median 4.5 cm) on MR axial imaging. On T 1WI, 5 cases showed isointense compared with adjacent temporal muscles, with focal hypointense in 2 cases. On T 2WI, the tumor was graded as isointense in 3 cases, and hyperintense in 2 cases. Heterogeneous enhancement in all cases with mild in 3 cases, and moderate in 2 cases on postcontrast MR imaging. On DCE-MRI of 5 cases, there were 3 cases of type Ⅲ (washout-shaped curves), and 2 cases of type Ⅱ of the TIC (plateau-shaped curves). The range of ADC values was from 0.63×10 -3 to 1.17×10 -3 mm 2/s, and median ADC value was 0.84×10 -3 mm 2/s, of 5 cases with varying degrees of high signal on DWI. The Ki-67 index ranged from 30% to 80% of the tumor. An immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells of 5 cases were all positive for both NUT and INI-1 genes. One case was performed with biopsy and followed by chemotherapy, four cases were performed with surgery, combined with the following chemotherapy, and one also was implemented with radiation therapy. The follow-up time was 7-16 months. Five cases were all alive during the follow-up. Conclusions:The NUT midline sinonasal tract carcinoma is a rare, gene-related solid malignant tumor. The tumor is more commonly seen in young patients, mostly centered in the nasal and ethmoid region with invasive growth, more calcification on CT, and heterogeneous enhancement on MRI. These findings are some characteristics of the tumor.
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Objective:To build and validate a radiomics and clinical nomogram for preoperative discrimination between low- and high-grade sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).Methods:From January 2017 to May 2021, 167 SNSCC patients including 78 low-grade (grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ) and 89 high-grade (grade Ⅲ) were retrospectively analyzed at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort ( n=117, 64 high-grade and 53 low-grade SNSCC) and a validation cohort ( n=50, 25 high-grade and 25 low-grade SNSCC) in a ratio of 7∶3 using a stratified sampling method. The radiomics features were extracted in contrast enhanced T 1WI with manual segmentation of lesions. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to reduce the dimension of the radiomics features and then the radiomics model was built to predict SNSCC histological grade in training cohort. Independent clinical predicting factors were screened using logistic regression and the clinical model was built. The clinical-radiomics model was built by the radiomics features and clinical factors in the training cohort based on logistic regression and the nomogram was drawn. The receiver operator characteristic curves were drawn to evaluate the performance of clinical model, radiomics model and nomogram. The calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency between the nomogram prediction and the actual observation risk, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical applicability of the nomogram. Results:Using logistic regression analysis, the clinical model was built by the tumor primary site (OR value 7.376, 95%CI 2.517-21.618, P<0.001) and TNM stage (OR value 10.020, 95%CI 3.654-27.472, P<0.001) and the area under the curve (AUC) in the training cohort and validation cohort were 0.798 and 0.784, sensitivity were 84.4% and 84.0%, specificity were 58.5% and 68.0%, respectively. Based on the contrast enhanced T 1WI, a total of 9 radiomics features were screened for establishing the radiomics model. The AUC of radiomics model were 0.833 (sensitivity 82.8%, specificity 73.6%) and 0.851 (sensitivity 92.0%, specificity 68.0%) in the training and validation cohorts. The nomogram based on the clinical-radiomics model predicted histological grade with the highest AUC in the training cohort (AUC 0.920, sensitivity 89.1%, specificity 83.0%) and validation cohort (AUC 0.912, sensitivity 92.0%, specificity 84.0%). The calibration curve of the nomogram was close to the ideal line in both training and validation cohorts. DCA showed that the use of nomogram with a threshold in the range of <85% in training cohort, in the range of 20%-65%, 72%-90% in validation cohort, had a greater clinical application value in predicting the SNSCC histological grade. Nomogram model had a better clinical net benefit than the clinical and radiomics models. Conclusion:Nomogram combining clinical factors (tumor primary site and TNM stage) with radiomics features obtained from contrast enhanced T 1WI has a better ability for predicting histological grade of SNSCC than clinical and radiomics models.
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Objective@#To measure the average distances from anterior lacrimal crest (ALC) to anterior ethmoidal foramen (AEF), anterior ethmoidal foramen to posterior ethmoidal foramen (PEF) and posterior ethmoidal foramen to optic canal (OC) using plain paranasal sinus (PNS) computed tomography (CT) scans of adults in a tertiary private hospital in the Philippines. @*Methods@#Design: Retrospective review of plain PNS CT scans. Setting: Tertiary Private Teaching Hospital. Participants: One hundred four (104) plain PNS CT scans from January 2018 to December 2020 were considered for inclusion. @*Results@#Of the 104 PNS CT scans, 35 were excluded - seven for age less than eighteen, six for undistinguishable PEF and twenty-two for chronic rhinosinusitis. The remaining 69 PNS CT scans demonstrated identifiable structures, with overall average distances from ALC to AEF of 23.71 ± 2.43 mm, AEF to PEF of 10.87 ± 2.39 mm and PEF to OC of 7.39 ± 2.28 mm. @*Conclusion@#Our study suggests average distances for localization of vital structures such as the anterior ethmoidal artery, posterior ethmoidal artery and optic nerve among Filipinos. Because of considerable variation between and within sexes, individual measurements should still be obtained for each patient in performing endonasal, skull base and orbital surgery.
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Objective:To compare three fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors, including the coplanar IMRT (C-IMRT) plan and the non-coplanar IMRT(NC-IMRT) plan which were based on a conventional C-arm LINAC (Trilogy), and the coplanar IMRT (H-IMRT) plan based on an O-ring LINAC (Halcyon).Methods:Based on the data of 10 patients in the Ningbo First Hospital from December 2018 to December 2021 with nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors who underwent postoperative radiotherapy, this study redesigned three IMRT plans with the same prescribed doses and optimization objectives. Then, this study compared the doses of target volumes and organ at risks(OARs), the validation pass rates, and the execution time of these plans. Friedman test was employed in this study, and multiple comparisons were further made in cases of different results.Results:The differences in the conformal index (CI) of PTV and PTV boost of the three plans were statistically significant ( χ2 = 7.51, 9.69, P < 0.05). The multiple comparisons showed that the median CI of the H-IMRT plan was higher than that of the NC-IMRT plan ( Z = 2.53, 2.68, P < 0.05). The differences in other parameters of target volumes were not statistically significant. Compared with the C-IMRT plan, the H-IMRT plan reduced the Dmax of bilateral lenses, bilateral corneas, ipsilateral optic nerve, and ipsilateral eyeball ( Z = 2.80, 2.80, 2.80, 2.80, 2.81, 2.09, P < 0.05). Compared with the C-IMRT plan, the NC-IMRT reduced the Dmax of bilateral lenses, corneas, and eyeballs and contralateral optic nerve ( Z = 2.80, 2.66, 2.80, 2.70, 2.29, 2.29, 2.65, P < 0.05) and reduced the Dmean of bilateral eyeballs ( Z = 2.80, 2.80, P < 0.05). Compared with the NC-IMRT plan, the H-IMRT plan reduced the Dmax of the ipsilateral lens and cornea ( Z = 2.50, 2.08, P < 0.05), but increased the Dmax of the contralateral optic nerve and the Dmean of bilateral eyeballs ( Z = 2.80, 2.80, 2.80, P < 0.05). The validation pass rate of the three plans met the institutional standards, and the differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, the H-IMRT plan had the shortest median execution time (172.00 s), followed by the C-IMRT plan (337.50 s), and the NC-IMRT plan (388.00 s). Conclusions:The verification pass rate of the three plans can achieve the requirements of treatment implementation. The three plans had similar dosimetric differences in target volumes. However, the H-IMRT and NC-IMRT plans can protect the normal tissues (especially optical organs) more effectively than the C-IMRT plan, which is conducive to reducing the toxicity after radiotherapy and provides space for local dose increase or the radiotherapy for the treatment of tumor recurrence. The execution efficiency of the three plans is in the order of H-IMRT > C-IMRT > NC-IMRT. It is necessary to select appropriate radiotherapy equipment and technology according to actual situations.
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RESUMEN La sinusitis es una entidad frecuente dentro de las afecciones de los senos paranasales. Es un trastorno inflamatorio de la nariz, y uno o más de los senos paranasales; su diagnóstico es clínico. Las complicaciones de las sinusitis a nivel orbitario, óseo y endocraneal son una circunstancia poco usual, pero de gravedad extrema; en estas, la tomografía computarizada juega un rol indispensable para el diagnóstico y evolución, y en casos puntuales, la resonancia magnética puede ser muy oportuna. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente con edema palpebral derecho, proptosis moderada y signos de desorientación. El resultado de tomografía computarizada de cráneo y órbitas informó evidencias consistentes con complicaciones a causa de una pansinusopatía. La interpretación del estudio imagenológico fue fundamental para los diagnósticos y conducta inmediata.
ABSTRACT Sinusitis is a frequent entity within the conditions of the paranasal sinuses. It is an inflamatory disorder of the nose, and one or more of the paranasal sinuses; its diagnosis is clinical. The complications of sinusitis at the orbital, bone and intracranial levels are an unusual circumstance, but extremely serious; in these, computed tomography plays an important role for diagnosis and evolution; in specific cases, magnetic resonance imaging can be very timely. The case of an adolescent with right eyelid edema, moderate proptosis and signs of disorientation is presented. The result of computed tomography of the skull and orbits reported evidence consistent with complications due to pansinusopathy. The interpretation of the imaging study was essential for the diagnosis and immediate conduct.
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Abstract Introduction There are no definitive parameters to guide the etiology and severity of pediatric antrochoanal polyps. Objective The aim of our study is to compare the values of blood cell distribution parameters in cases of pediatric antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) with those of the control group. These values may be guiding parameters in determining the etiology of ACPs and evaluating the severity of the disease and the risk of recurrence. Methods Blood count values of patients operated for pediatric ACPs were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the data of the control group with the same age and gender distribution. The ACPs group was divided into subgroups in terms of inflammation, severity, and recurrence, and these subgroups were statistically compared as well. Results When the ACP patient group and the control group were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. When we compared the patients considering the CT findings, there was a statistically significant difference between the stage III patients and the control group in terms of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values (p < 0.05 in both). Similarly, the MPV and PLR values were significantly higher in the recurrence patient group than in the control group. (p < 0.05 in both). Conclusion As a result of the data obtained, it can be suggested that inflammatory parameters in pediatric cases of ACPs vary in terms of recurrence and the severity of the disease.
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Background: Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired airfilled, mucosa lined spaces surrounding the nasal cavity. Thepneumatization or hypoplasia of the sinuses affects thedrainage pathways, causing chronic infections andcomplications. The aim of the present study was to assess theanatomical variations of paranasal sinuses on computedtomography.Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study wascarried out over the period of 6 months using 80 CBCT imagesof patients, with their age group ranging from 20-50 yearsreferred for different oral diagnostic purposes. An assessmentof paranasal sinuses and it’s variations were accuratelycharacterized in axial, coronal and sagittal sections. The datawas analysed statistically using SPSS 21 software and Chisquare test was used to find the statistical significance.Results: In the present study total participant were 80 in which56.25% were having anatomical variation. 8.75% were havingvariation in agar nasi cells,10% were having variation in Kuhncells, 7.5% were having variation in Onodi cells, 5% werehaving variation in haller cells, 10% were having variation inconcha bullosa, 12.5% were having variation in nasal septumdeviation, 20% were having variation in maxillary sinus septa,17.5% were having variation in sphenoid sinus pnematization,2.5% were having variation in maxillary sinus pnematization,6.25% were having variation in Crista galli pneumatisation.Conclusion: This study concluded that imaging of the PNS willaid in diagnosis in individual patients, and also provide adeeper understanding of the manifestations of the disease.
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Objective: To explore the effect of organ dose modulation (ODM) technique on radiation dose of orbit area and image quality in children paranasal sinus CT scanning. Methods: A total of 65 children with suspected paranasal sinus lesions requiring CT scanning were prospectively collected. The children were divided into 2 groups according to the order of visit, i.e.control group (n=27) received conventional CT scanning, and observation group (n=38) received conventional CT scanning with orbital ODM technique. The distribution of tube current in different direction (anterior/left/posterior/right) of orbital region was analyzed, and the differences of contrast to noise ratio of images and effective radiation dose were compared between 2 groups. Results: The tube currents of orbital anterior direction in observation group([127.39±17.98]mA) was lower than that in control group ([141.00±26.46]mA, t=2.47, P=0.02), while no statistical difference of tube current of orbital posterior, left, right direction was found between groups(t=-0.38, -0.90, -0.90, all P>0.05). There was no statistical difference of contrast to noise ratio of images nor effective radiation dose between 2 groups (t=-1.44, 1.21, both P>0.05). Conclusion: Application of ODM technique in children paranasal sinus CT scanning can effectively reduce the local tube current in the anterior direction of orbital region and reduce the radiation dose in the orbital region without affecting image quality.
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Objective: To explore the value of quantitative parameters of dual-energy CT arterial iodine map for differentiating nasal and paranasal sinus mass-like polyps from tumors. Methods: Dual-energy CT data of 80 patients with nasal sinus masses confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. According to pathological results, the patients were divided into polyp group (n=26), benign tumor group (n=24) and malignant tumor group (n=30). Arterial phase iodine concentration (IC), normalized iodine concentration (NIC) and iodine map CT value (Overlay value) of lesions were measured, calculated and compared among 3 groups. Then patients in benign tumor group and malignant tumor group were combined into tumor group (n=54). ROC curves of each quantitative parameters of arterial phase iodine map for differentiating nasal and paranasal mass polyps and tumors were drawn, and the relative diagnostic efficacy were evaluated. Results: The arterial phase IC, NIC and Overlay value of benign tumor group (H=-4.13, -2.80, -4.00) and malignant tumor group (H=-7.02, -5.75, -6.12) were all higher than those of polyp group (all P<0.05). The arterial phase IC and NIC in malignant tumor group were higher than those in benign tumor group (H=-2.60, -2.73, both P<0.05), while Overlay value showed no statistical difference between benign and malignant tumor groups (H=-1.85, P=0.20). AUC of arterial phase IC (0.95) for differentiating nasal and paranasal mass polyps and tumors was larger than that of NIC (0.85) and Overlay value (0.91). Taken 1.15 mg/ml as the diagnostic threshold, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and Youden index was 81.50%, 96.20% and 78.00%, respectively. Conclusion: Arterial phase iodine-related quantitative parameters of dual-energy CT have certain application value in differential diagnosis of nasal and paranasal sinus mass-like polyps and tumors.
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Objective@#To study the clinicopathological features, diagnostic features and differential diagnoses of SMARCB1 (INI1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma (SDSC).@*Methods@#Six cases of SDSC diagnosed at Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University from 2016 to 2018 were retrieved; the clinical features, histomorphology, immunophenotype, radiology and outcome were analyzed with review of literature.@*Results@#There were five men and one woman with age range of 37 years to 75 years (mean 56 years). One case was in stage T2, and 5 cases were in stage T4. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass occupying the sinonasal cavity with bone destruction in all six patients. Microscopically, the tumors had infiltrative margins. Four tumors were composed mostly of basaloid cells, which possessed high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio,scant cytoplasm,and minimalnuclear pleomorphism; and the cells were arranged in sheets or nests in a desmoplastic stroma. Two tumors were composed of rhabdoid cells, which possessed abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei, often growing in a nests or sheets pattern. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 6/6 cases had complete loss of INI1, diffusely and strongly positive for CKpan, and were negative for S-100 and EBER ISH; 4/6 cases were focally positive for p63; 1/5 was focally positive for Syn and p16. The Ki-67 index was 30% to 70%. The follow-up period ranged 1-26 months, with one patient died of extensive metastases, one had local recurrence, and two had lymph node metastases; one was alive without disease, and one was lost to follow-up.@*Conclusions@#SMARCB1 (INI1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is mostly aggressive, with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Histomorphological spectrum predominantly consists of basaloid type and rhabdoid type. The complete loss of nuclear expression of INI1 can help to distinguish this tumor from its many mimickers.
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@#Osteomas of paranasal sinuses are slow-growing benign tumour, which is often asymptomatic. The prevalence is highest amongst fourth and sixth decades. Paranasal sinus osteomas are most commonly found in the frontal sinus. Osteomas are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on radiographic examination. The symptoms depend on its size and location. Common symptoms include frontal pain, nasal discharge, posterior nasal drip, bump over the inner aspect of the lower eyelid and epiphora. We described a case of 34-year-old woman with an enlarging right medial canthal swelling for 10 years, with increased intercanthal distance followed by persistent right nasal blockage. Because of worsening symptoms, she had sought for treatment in which endoscopic approach excision was performed.
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RESUMEN La rinosinusitis bacteriana aguda es la infección de la mucosa nasal y de senos paranasales, que se manifiesta con congestión nasal, rinorrea purulenta y fiebre, de curso generalmente autolimitado. La trombosis del seno cavernoso (TSC) es una complicación poco frecuente, que se asocia a compromiso del seno esfenoidal y etmoidal, manifestándose clínicamente con cefalea, fiebre, alteración de pares craneanos y síntomas oculares. Ante su sospecha el estudio imagenológico es fundamental. En estos exámenes se debe buscar un defecto de llene en el seno cavernoso comprometido. El tratamiento debe iniciarse de forma precoz y contempla: antibioticoterapia, drenaje quirúrgico del seno afectado y anticoagulación. Se presenta a un paciente pediátrico masculino con TSC derecha posterior a una rinosinusitis esfenoidal no tratada, que respondió favorablemente al tratamiento. Se describe la clínica y manejo de esta patología, que presenta alta morbimortalidad, y que puede disminuirse considerablemente con un tratamiento precoz y agresivo.
ABSTRACT Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is the infection of the nasal and paranasal mucous membrane, with symptoms such as nasal congestion, purulent rhinorrhea and fever, usually self-limiting. Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare complication, which is associated with sphenoid and ethmoid sinus involvement, clinically manifest with headache, fever, cranial nerve involvement and ocular symptoms. When suspected, imaging studies will confirm the clinical impression. They will show abnormal flow parameters in the compromised cavernous sinus. The treatment has to start as soon as possible and consists in broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, surgical drainage of the site of the infection and anticoagulation. We present a patient with a right CST secondary to a non-treated sphenoidal sinusitis, that responded favorably to treatment. The clinical and management of this pathology is described, which presents a high morbidity and mortality that can be reduced considerably with an early and aggressive treatment.